11/2/2023 0 Comments Persian translator with voice: 32–33 Consequently, 'pahlavi' came to denote the particularly Zoroastrian, exclusively written, late form of Middle Persian. : 33 In time, the name of the writing system, pahlavi "Parthian", began to be applied to the "old" Middle Persian language as well, thus distinguishing it from the "new" language, farsi. Middle Persian) and Aramaic-derived writing system. Those former elites vigorously rejected what they perceived as ' Un-Iranian', and continued to use the "old" language (i.e. Not all Iranians were comfortable with these Arabic-influenced developments, in particular, members of the literate elite, which in Sassanid times consisted primarily of Zoroastrian priests. Under Arab influence, Iranian languages began to be written in Arabic script (adapted to Iranian phonology), while Middle Persian began to rapidly evolve into New Persian and the name parsik became Arabicized farsi. In the 7th-century, the Sassanids were overthrown by the Arabs. Under Sassanid hegemony, the Middle Persian language became a prestige dialect and thus also came to be used by non-Persian Iranians. In the 3rd-century CE, the Parthian Arsacids were overthrown by the Sassanids, who were natives of the south-west and thus spoke Middle Persian as their native language. : 33Īside from Parthian, Aramaic-derived writing was adopted for at least four other Middle Iranian languages, one of which was Middle Persian. : 1151 Under Arsacid hegemony, this Aramaic-derived writing system for Iranian languages came to be associated with the Parthians in particular (it may have originated in the Parthian chancellories : 1151 ), and thus the writing system came to be called pahlavi "Parthian" too. : 1251–1253 The transition from Imperial Aramaic to Middle Iranian took place very slowly, with a slow increase of more and more Iranian words so that Aramaic with Iranian elements gradually changed into Iranian with Aramaic elements. This practice had led to others adopting Imperial Aramaic as the language of communications, both between Iranians and non-Iranians, as well as between Iranians. This occurred primarily because written Aramaic had previously been the written language of government of the former Achaemenids, and the government scribes had carried that practice all over the empire. But yet other Middle Iranian languages began to be written in a script derived from Aramaic. ![]() Under the cultural influence of the Greeks ( Hellenization), some Middle Iranian languages, such as Bactrian, also had begun to be written in Greek script. When the Arsacids (who were Parthians) came to power in the 3rd-century BCE, they inherited the use of written Greek (from the successors of Alexander the Great) as the language of government. ![]() The -ig in parsig and parthawig was a regular Middle Iranian appurtenant suffix for "pertaining to". Via regular sound changes Parthawig became Pahlawig, from which the word 'Pahlavi' eventually evolved. The Parthians called their language Parthawig, meaning "Parthian". the language of the northwestern Iranian peoples of Parthia proper, which lies along the southern/south-eastern edge of the Caspian sea and is adjacent to the boundary between western and eastern Iranian languages. The Persians called their language Parsig, meaning "Persian".Īnother Middle Iranian language was Parthian, i.e. the middle stage of the language of the Persians, an Iranian people of Persia proper, which lies in the south-western highlands on the border with Babylonia. One of those Middle Iranian languages is Middle Persian, i.e. : 1 The middle stage of the Iranian languages begins around 450 BCE and ends around 650 CE. "Middle Iranian" is the name given to the middle stage of development of the numerous Iranian languages and dialects. It descended from Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid Empire and is the linguistic ancestor of Modern Persian, an official language of Iran, Afghanistan ( Dari) and Tajikistan ( Tajik). For some time after the Sasanian collapse, Middle Persian continued to function as a prestige language. ![]() Middle Persian or Pahlavi, also known by its endonym Pārsīk or Pārsīg ( □□□□□□) in its later form, is a Western Middle Iranian language which became the literary language of the Sasanian Empire. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
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